Overview of The Enlightenment Essay - 949 Words

The Enlightenment was a period of history throughout the mid-decades of the seventeenth century and during the course of the eighteenth century, in which intense revolutions in science, philosophy, society and politics occurred. This part of history was important because it was an enormous departure from the Middle Ages. Seldom before and after this time, did the Church have as much power as it did during the Enlightenment. There were three main eras of the Enlightenment: The Early Enlightenment, The High Enlightenment, and The Late Enlightenment and Beyond. Each era had a few important people related to the movement. There were also other factors contributing to the Enlightenment. These include Rationalism, Empiricism, and†¦show more content†¦A lot of the action happened in Parisian salons, where people would gather and complain about the state of their country. This brought new groups of â€Å"nontraditional thinkers that championed personal liberties and the work of Locke and Newton, denounced Christianity, and actively opposed the abusive governments found throughout Europe at the time.† (Bristow 2010). The Scottish Enlightenment was the period in 18th century Scotland characterized by an outpouring of intellectual and scientific accomplishments. Seventeenth-century England endured a pair of tense struggles for political power that had a profound impact on the philosophers of the English Enlightenment. â€Å"The political, social, and cultural layout of Germany in the eighteenth century inhibited much of the Enlightenment advancements that took place in France.† (Henry Sage 2012). In Switzerland the most important parts of their Enlightenment included all of the people contributing to making Switzerland a better country. A few of these people include Johann Sebastian Bach, Denis Diderot, and Benjamin Franklin. Another important time was the American Enlightenmnet. â€Å"The American Enlightenment is generally discussed in terms of Americas political evolution, the thinking that led to the fomenting of a revolution against Great Britain and the creation of a modern republic.† (Henry Sage 2012). Both the periods known as the EuropeanShow MoreRelatedThe Enlightment and the French Revolution1263 Words   |  6 Pagesproblems that couldn’t be fixed. (French Revolution Overview 6) Below the king came the first estate which was made of 100,000 nobles. Then came the second estate was made of 300,000 clergy. Finally came the third estate which was made of the rest of France, which was 23.5 million people. 90 percent of that 23.5 million were peasants. The third estate’s taxes ensured the financial well-being of the state, clergy and nobles. 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FromRead MoreThe Politics Of The Slave Trade1703 Words   |  7 PagesEighteenth-Century Audiences with the Abolitionist Movement Ella Ottaviano The rise of the abolitionist movement in the late eighteenth century, created a platform for artworks to be used as arguments for the abolition of slavery. Artworks during the Enlightenment employed a variety of visual techniques to emotionally engage their audiences with the politics of the slave trade and to elicit a sympathetic response from the viewer towards African slaves, strengthening the abolitionist argument. John RaphaelRead MoreA Brief Overview of Buddhism Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pagesfully satisfied. Eventually at dawn it all began on Gautamas thirty-fifth birthday. He finally realized the essential truth about life and about the path to salvation. He realized that physical harshness of asceticism was not a means of achieving Enlightenment and Nirvana. From then on, he encouraged people to follow a path of balance rather than extremism. He called this path the Middle Way. quot;Devotion to the pleasures of sense, a low practice of villagers, a practice unworthy, unprofitable, theRead MoreImmanuel Kant s Philosophy On Philosophy844 Words   |  4 PagesPeople were lost. They did not know where and what to follow. Therefore, many philosophers came up with ideas to convince people to live  ¨better ¨. Rationalism related with the overview of mathematical approaches into philosophy during the period by the major rationalist figures such as Descartes, Leibniz and Spinoza developed peo ple ´s way of thinking in many different ways. Rationalism is perspective which engages the rational and deductive reason, an opposite structure from personal experience or

Retailing Characteristics of Fast Food Stores and Their...

â€Å"Retailing characteristics of fast food stores and their impact on customer sales and satisfaction† By:- Rajul Bhardwaj Lecturer, Faculty of Management Studies, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar(Uttarakhand), India Table Of Contents:- ï  ¶ Chap-1 Introduction 1.1 Global Retailing Industry..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.2 The Far East Experience..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.3 The Changing Food Retailing sector in Asia.. 1.4 Recognition of a Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.5 Objectives of the study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ï  ¶ Chap-2 Literature Review 2.1 Passage to India†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2.2 Food Retailing in India.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2.3 Useful Information regarding McDonald’s Corporation†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.4 Useful Information regarding Pizzahut†¦show more content†¦Supply chain innovations for retailers were particularly strong in the second half of the 1990s and have continued into today. With all the emphasis on technology and cost-cutting, a major thrust of retailers continues to be demand-based: finding new markets through globalization efforts. Four years ago, more than half (53 per cent) of the top 200 retailers operated in only one country. Today, only 44 per cent remain single-country merchants. This globalization trend can only intensify in the years ahead. The benefits of increased sales and greater economies of scale are too large to be ignored. where the world wide retail sales alone is valued at $ 7 trillion . The top 200 retailers alone account for 30% of worldwide demand. Retail sales being generally driven by people’s ability (disposable income) and willingness (consumer confidence) to buy, compliments the fact that the money spent on household consumption worldwide increased 68% between 1980 and 2003. The leader has in-disputably been the USA where some two-thirds or $ 6.6 trillions out of the $ 10 trillions American economy is consumer spending. About 40% of that ($ 3 trillions) is spending on discretionary products and services. Retail turnover in the EU is approximately Euros 2000 billion and the sector average growth looks to be following an upward pattern. 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Walgreen came from Dixon, Illinois at the age of sixteen, working an unpleasant job at a drug store after he lost a portion of a finger that left him incapable of continuing a career in athleticsRead MoreA Study on Customer Relationship Management Practices in Selected Organised Retail Stores3557 Words   |  15 Pageson Customer Relationship Management Practices in Selected Organised Retail Stores in Udaipur City Dr. Meera Mathur Assistant Professor, Faculty of Management Studies, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur Sumbul Samma Research Scholar, Faculty of Management Studies, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur Abstract Retailing is the largest private industry in the world. It is also Indias largest industry accounting for over 10% of the countrys GDP and around 8% of the employment. 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Presuppositions of The Game Theory Essay Example For Students

Presuppositions of The Game Theory Essay Presuppositions of The Game TheorySoloman believes that as the game theory gets more sophisticated, we tend tolose sight of the problem rather than solve it. He sees the problem as how toget people to think about business and about themselves in an Aristotelianrather than a neo-Hobbesian (or even a Rawlsian) way, which the game theoreticalmodels simply presuppose. Soloman discusses seven presuppositions in the first section of his Ethics Excellence book. They are: rationality and prudence; motivation and self-interest; money and measurement; the anomaly of altruism; good and goals; theopen-ended playing field; and the role of the rules. Soloman rejects eachpresupposition and gives his reasons why. This essay will discuss two of these presuppositions and either agree ordisagree with Soloman and then give reasons as to why. The two presuppositionsthat will be discussed are money and measurement and the role of the rules. Money and MeasurementIn business, as in most games, we like to keep score. As one of Solomansbusinessman friends told him in business you always know how well you are doing. You just have to put your hand in your pocket. People often think the moremoney one has, the happier they are. You often hear people say if I only hadmore money, I would be happy. Frequently the perceived level of success iscompared to the size of ones bank account, the location of their house or theamount of cars in the driveway. People seem to perceive money as beinghappiness. Soloman says that keeping score, although it is not an essential feature ofgames, seems to be one of the most durable features of game theory. He thinksthat the best way to keep score is to have a dependable point system, a definiteunit of worth, which is money. Soloman rejects this presupposition by first stating that money isnt the onlyor even primary social good, and money is only a means and not an end.Soloman agrees with these statements but to further reject this presupposition,he goes on to discuss another example involving money. Social theorists, in general, like to talk about money, because money is areadily measurable utility, a readily comparable measure, and apparently clearbasis for comparison.But even some of these unrefined theorists recognizethat equal amounts of money do not have equal significance for different people,therefore money is not an absolute readily measurable utility. Soloman statesthat various ends are hard to compare and so success and maximum utility maybe hard to measure. If we were to assign every end a monetary value, however,and rate various preferences according to their exchange value on the market, wewould indeed have a single scale on which to compare and evaluate ends and meansand determine utility.I agree with Solomans reasoning. I do not think that success and maximumutility can be so easily measured with money. Almost everyone in the worldvalues money, but not all at the same rate. The importance of money varies fromperson to person, therefore the utility of money varies. Some people ratemoney as the most important thing to them. These people usually get lost intheir everyday work life, doing everything for money and measuring everythingwith a monetary value. Some people perceive money as important, but not moreimportant than such things as their families, health and freedom. Then, thereare some people who are happy with what they have. I was once told that thewealthiest people in the world are the people that are happy with what they have. .u5a6bbcde66a6eb2b42611674da798e91 , .u5a6bbcde66a6eb2b42611674da798e91 .postImageUrl , .u5a6bbcde66a6eb2b42611674da798e91 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5a6bbcde66a6eb2b42611674da798e91 , .u5a6bbcde66a6eb2b42611674da798e91:hover , .u5a6bbcde66a6eb2b42611674da798e91:visited , .u5a6bbcde66a6eb2b42611674da798e91:active { border:0!important; } .u5a6bbcde66a6eb2b42611674da798e91 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5a6bbcde66a6eb2b42611674da798e91 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5a6bbcde66a6eb2b42611674da798e91:active , .u5a6bbcde66a6eb2b42611674da798e91:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5a6bbcde66a6eb2b42611674da798e91 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5a6bbcde66a6eb2b42611674da798e91 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5a6bbcde66a6eb2b42611674da798e91 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5a6bbcde66a6eb2b42611674da798e91 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5a6bbcde66a6eb2b42611674da798e91:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5a6bbcde66a6eb2b42611674da798e91 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5a6bbcde66a6eb2b42611674da798e91 .u5a6bbcde66a6eb2b42611674da798e91-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5a6bbcde66a6eb2b42611674da798e91:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Should we have Dropped the Atomic Bomb? EssayThese people need only enough money to be reasonably comfortable and theybelieve in the importance of self-esteem and peace of mind. People havedifferent wants and different values, which makes it very hard to use money asan absolute means of measurement. The Role of the RulesWe generally conceive games as rule-defined. Almost all games have rules thatmust be followed in order to play. There are usually steps and strict rulesthat define games and they are mostly played the same each and every time. Businesses also have rules. They are also defined by steps and strict laws. Organizations and employees must abide by these rules in order to functionproperly. Soloman also states that games are thought mostly to be rule-defined but hethinks that business as a practice is much larger than that. In business, therules come after and people need to use sensitivity and imagination and not justobey these rules. He say that there are rules (especially laws) and that it isboth unethical and imprudent to disobey them. Soloman thinks it is essentialto see business and business life first of all as a practice, not a game, inwhich general expectations and mutual agreements are established before thereare any rules, much less laws.I agree with Soloman mostly because I too see business as a practice and not agame. I think that when someone wants to create a business, they generallyestablish expectations and mutual agreements but as for any rules or laws, theseare created after the business is setup. You cant go into a business withstrict rules and laws if you dont know what the business is. Once the companygoals are set, then there must be rules and bou ndaries as to how employees canobtain these organizational goals. Games are very specific. In business, somerules are very strict, some are made to be bent and some rules are made up asthe business develops. Although laws are not rules that can be bent or broken,only after the details of the business have been founded can the laws that applyto this certain company be established. In conclusion, Soloman was right to reject all of the presuppositions hediscussed in his book. I agree with each and everyone of them. As for moneyand measurement, money should not be considered an absolute measurement ofsuccess or maximum utility. The value of money varies too greatly from personto person. A mom and pop store owner may be more than happy with the constantbut average amount of money that flows in to him each week but a top executivemay be unhappy with his salary that is probably five times more than thesatisfied store owner. Many various variables must be considered whenattempting to measure success or maximum utility, such as values, how thatperson defines success, their upbringing, and many more. The role of the rulespresupposition is rejected because, as stated earlier, business should be seenas a practice and not a game. Games have specific and strict rules and inbusiness, expectations and mutual agreements must be established before thereare any rules. The rules in business are established after the business isfounded and not before such as in games. I do not think that the sevenpresuppositions of the game theory are appropriate and I agree with Solomansrejections. Philosophy

In Todays World The Bounds Of Information Technology Are Being Pushed Essay Example For Students

In Todays World The Bounds Of Information Technology Are Being Pushed Essay In todays world the bounds of information technology are being pushed further and further every day. With Local Area Networks spanning into WorldWide Area Networks and globalization happening to every small business with a connection to the Internet the need for alternatives is growing. Technology and hardware are increasing faster than people with the skills to support them are. With this the ways to connect and expand into the Internet are improving as well as the speed of connections. There are many ways to gain access onto todays Internet and discussed here are going to be three common ways such as the modem, the cable modem and Microsofts WebTV. These three describe represent the novice, the intermediate, and the advanced. One of the most common ways to connect to the Internet is the modem or the dial-up adapter. It is the most prevalent of the three and was one of the first pieces of hardware used to connect to the Internet. The modem is very similar to a telephone in which the computer when instructed will dial up a telephone number given to you by your ISP (Internet Service Provider) and establish a connection between you and your provider allowing you access to the Internet. The modem has made some advances from its initial stages and had managed to increase its downloading speeds, commonly used when browsing and its uploading speeds used more often when sending Email. Currently the modem is reaching its pinnacle as speeds are reached at around 56 Kilobytes per second which is for download only and the uploads are at a more modest 28.8K or 33.6K. Unfortunately top speeds in the United States will be initially limited to 53K because of FCC regulations. The FCC does not actually limit modem speeds rather it limits the amount of power that can be sent through the phone line. In order to prevent interference with other electrical devices the FCC places limitations not on the modem but on the server equipment at the online service or ISP your dialing into. Its possible that the FCC may grant a waiver in the future that would allow speeds of 56K or higher in the United States. The modem aside from disadvantages mentioned above also has more competition than it had in the past, with more and more people entering the world wide web there are more web sites available that contain heavy graphics and a lot of detail. As web sites become more complex the greater the amount of information that needs to be sent to the user becomes. Visiting a web site thats rich in graphics on a 56K modem at the best can still take quite a bit of time. So the need for greater speed and ways to gain access at a quicker rate is becoming more and more apparent everyday. These minor disadvantages are a nuisance, but they wont prevent most people from using the technology besides not everyone needs or wants to be connected to the internet at rates faster than what a modem can handle. There are advantages to using the modem, one of these I name the cardboard box. Any personal computer package purchased today unless otherwise specified comes with a modem this is mainly due to inexpensive prices and the demand for access. The modem is also great because it covers all users from the novice to the advanced and can meet almost all of their needs. With its ease of use and high demand the modem even with faster and better technology out there will still be a factor in todays market. Another piece of technology thats quickly growing is the cable modem an alternative to the slower 56K modem which is using the coaxial cable used for you cable instead of your telephone line. The cable modem is a little bit more complexes compared to that of the standard modem and requires additional hardware as well. The term modem is a little misleading considering that it actually does more than just receive cable signals. Cable modems also incorporate a tuner (to separate the data signal from the rest of the broadcast stream); parts from network adapters, bridges, and routers (to connect to multiple computers); network-management software agents (so the cable company can control and monitor its operations); and encryption devices (so your data isnt intercepted or sent someplace else by mistake). (Internet Access, FAQs)The cable modem also requires additional hardware, not only do you need to lease or buy the cable modem but also purchase a NIC or network interface card. Each cabl e modem has a port that connects to the computer on one side and to the cable connection on the other. You would use your standard Ethernet cable or Category 5 cable and connect the two via the Ethernet ports found on both the modem and the NIC. As far as your PC is concerned, its hooked directly to the Internet via an Ethernet cable. There are no phone numbers to dial and no limitations on serial-port throughput (as is the case with ISDN modems). What you do get is lots of speed: Download varies from 500 Kbps to 30 Mbps, while uploads can, potentially, range from 96 Kbps to 10 Mbps. (Cable Datacom News, Cable FAQs)The real fascinating part about cable modems is that they can coexist with your television, that you can watch television and be on the Internet at the same time. This would be the equivalent to talking on the telephone and dialing up to your ISP at the same time something that cannot occur on the same line. In each community, cable operators install a head end that recei ves both satellite and broadcast TV signals. Coaxial cable carries these signals to each subscribers home. Depending on the number of homes and the distance between them, the operator may need to install amplifiers and filters to maintain signal strength. Typical cable systems serve between 500 to 2,500 homes on one line. Because the cable is broadband, it carries multiple signals, or channels. Most of these channels are devoted to TV programs, although many cable operators also carry radio stations. A TV channel occupies 6 MHz of the spectrum, and sometimes cable operators multiplex several channels into one. If the cable system were used strictly for data, it could deliver gigabytes of that data per second over hundreds of individual networks. Essay White Privilege And Male Privilege Essay? Users often get lost within a single page: there is no way of knowing how far one has scrolled down the page or what other information is on the page. ? Once the user had scrolled down the page, it is a lot of work to get back to the top of the page. (WebTV Usability Review, J. Nielson)Finally, after WebTV offers you this package they dont offer you the keyboard unless youre willing to pay an additional 60 dollars. The remote had capabilities to type but unless youre willing to scroll through the alphabet picking each individual letter as you go along then the keyboard is a must. WebTV is for the very novice user without a computer and in the long run is probably not going to meet your expectations for the Internet. In conclusion the three methods to connect to the Internet such as WebTV, the modem and the cable modem represent in general the three common users the novice, the intermediate and the advanced. These arent the only ways to connect to the Internet but these are three of the most widely seen for individuals. The most important thing to remember when choosing which method you want for access is to think about what your needs are. What is your purpose and interest in the Internet? How much time do you plan on spending there? The three methods I discussed above show what kind of user you may be, if youre not very familiar with the Internet or a computer maybe WebTV is the right choice. On the other end if you plan on surfing the web for hours at a time or plan to host a web server maybe the cable modem is a better choice. It really comes down to preferences and what you the user really wants. BibliographySorry none really most of it came from my head I suggest pulling stuff off the internet and making up a bibliography

Alienation in Literature free essay sample

Examines isolated characters in Raymond Carvers Cathedral, John Cheevers The Five-Forty-Eight, Shakespeares Hamlet Albert Camus [The Stranger]. The theme of alienation is reinforced as the mariner begins to understand that there are consequences for his actions. To make matters worse, the mariner suffers because of a very careless act. One of the first things that the mariner learns is that ones actions can have a definite impact on others. The mariners crew begins to suffer almost immediately after the mariner kills the albatross. We are told that no sweet bird did follow,/Nor any day for food or play/Came the mariners hallo! (Coleridge 88-90).

How can we sustainably develop an area of tropical rainforest Essay Example

How can we sustainably develop an area of tropical rainforest Essay Example How can we sustainably develop an area of tropical rainforest Essay How can we sustainably develop an area of tropical rainforest Essay Essay Topic: The Bean Eaters Rainforests can be found near the earth’s Equator where temperatures are high. Since the Equator is mostly tilted towards the sun, their biomes have high temperatures and humidity which allows for a large diversity of animals and plants to live there. This is unlike forests which consists of mainly one type of tree and doesn’t have much diversity in its plants and animals.Figure 1- Distribution of tropical rainforestsâ€Å"Earths lungs†Clearly, the largest is the Amazon Rainforest.Figure 2- Amazon in BrazilThe Amazon spreads on many countries in South America.The Amazon rainforest is disappearing fast from the earth’s surface because of deforestation which is putting a risk on the forest.Falls onto eight nations. 60 % of it is inside Brazil therefore they have large control on it. .4,100,000 square kilometresFigure 3- Layers of the AmazonEmergent Layer These are the tallest trees which get plenty of light. Monkeys, bats and butterflies can be found here.C anopy – Maze of leaves and branches that have many animals living in it due to so much food. Animals include snakes, toucan and tree frogs.Under Story – little sunlight gets here and so leaves grow out to be able to catch itForest floor – almost no plants grow here since it is dark and so it decays really fast.Giant ant eaters live here.solcomhouse.com/images/LAYER500copy.jpg Source of information.This is relevant to our research as it shows how unique the rainforest is. Unlike forests the Amazon has many layers to it and different types of trees that can only be found in the Amazon to show how important it is to protect it from any dangers. Not only that, but the Amazon took many generations to build up to this sort of environment and is really important for the development of the world and habitats.Causes of Deforestation:Figure 3 – Causes of DeforestationLogging, though it doesn’t contribute heavily, is still done so that the timber could be us ed for things such as chairs, home objects and other things that are made of wood inside the home.Large scale agriculture for example Soya bean plantations.Human exploitation is taking its toll on the Amazon Rainforest. When infrastructure is built it is easier for businesses in the Amazon to be able to transport and build up their companies which wouldn’t have been possible without infrastructure. For example, cattle ranching are the biggest cause of deforestation taking up to 65-70% of deforested land which can be seen on the Mongabay website who have done a study into the Amazon rainforest and its exploitation.Trees are cut down for the sake of breeding cattle whose beef and leather is exported to MNC’s and this land is cleared to make space for the cattle to graze and to move freely. The second biggest cause is small time agriculture (20 – 25 % as seen in Figure 3 taken from Mongabay). Since Brazil still has many poor people, they encourage poor farmers to m ove to the Amazon. Since there’s infrastructure farmers are further encouraged to move there since they can easily get around. When they settle down there they chop down trees to start farming, but due to lack of care the soil erodes quickly and becomes infertile so they cut down more trees to be able to farm.Among large scale agriculture is soy bean plantations. Brazil has become the second largest soy bean producer (26 % of the rainforest as seen in figure 3, Mongabay) in the world due to high demand from western society therefore more trees are cut down for this purpose. Infrastructure is again making it easier to import and export the soy. A high demand can be seen as they sell well in many countries which create economic developments which means the country could then become a significant country of produce and increase exports and continue to grow and prosper. (As seen in website evaluated in my bibliography)The main motivation for deforestation is to help Brazil to pro sper and continue to rebuild itself so that it can become a more wealthy country so that they could build up the economy and become an MEDC. This is positive since it will increase the countries economy and raise the Quality of Life for the people of Brazil however this comes with various consequences.Every time deforestation decreases, it then gradually increases againFigure 4- Amount of DeforestationDecreasing here largelyThough it is evident from the graph that Brazil tries to decrease deforestation however it always returns to rise. Also, according to the Mongabay, which is an environmentalist website that is dedicated to the well being of the Amazon rainforest, (refer to bibliography) and from the graph it can be seen that there is a correlation between Brazil’s economy and the deforestation there is also a decrease in economic profit and that when there was an increase in deforestation, Brazil experienced economic growth as explained in the Key Geography for GCSE textbo ok which detailed the effects of the Amazon on the Brazilian economy.(Greenpeace Activist) The Amazon contains 80-120 billion tonnes of carbon which if it is released could damage the earth’s atmosphere! Not only that, but the Amazon is also home to ingenious people who need the forest. If the rainforest is cut down the people would have no-where to go. Also, by cutting down the rainforest, we are losing all these natural medicines and herbs that could be useful. Many animals and insects would also be lost with every tree that is cut down!EFFECTS AND STAKEHOLDERS OPINIONS:(Ingenious People) There are over 200’000 of us in the Amazon in over 180 nations. If our home is cut down, it will cause us to lose the land that we tried so hard to protect and our homes will be destroyed. If we are forced off our land then we still wouldn’t be able to get jobs in the already overcrowded city which would then mean our culture will be destroyed and we will be forced to accusto m to modern day living which we do not want as we are content with out present life.(Brazil) The beef that is used in cheap things such as canned food or packaged food is most likely to be from the Amazon rainforest as that is where 80% of the Amazon that is being cut down is used for cattle ranching. We as a country are growing due to all this importing and exporting so we must keep all this demand so that we can keep providing jobs and prospering.(MNCs) Until demand for our products is reduced then we will keep on cutting down trees so that our company can prosper. Besides, we are contributing to the government by paying taxes and giving people jobs in our factories, therefore being more help to the government then the actual rainforest.Note: these sources are all biased from their own points of view.EffectExplanationPositive/NegativePeople have jobsThey can then spend more money inside the country and be more prosperous meaning money would circulate and the economy could growPosi tiveTrees being cut down and plants and animals dieReduces the biodiversity of the Amazon. By cutting down all those trees, CO2 is being released into the atmosphere which would damage the ozone layer and cause the earth to become more vulnerable. Also it is raising the pollution inside the world causing more damage.NegativeIndigenous people lose their homesMay result in people migrating to cities and creating overpopulation in as well as higher unemployment as those from outside the city may not have the suitable skills for life in the city. Also, by tourists, loggers or any other form of foreign contact, western diseases are brought upon the ingenious people. They are losing their culture and many are dying as their land that they feed on and live off is cut down.NegativeBrazil can set up more businessesIncreases import and export and Improves relations with other countries. The government is benefiting from all the taxes they get from MNCS setting up there and logging (excluding those done illegally). It is creating short term economic relief for the workers who are mining, cut down trees.PositiveMore CO2 levels in the atmosphereWhen trees are cut down this means that there would be less oxygen in the atmosphere and there would be more health problems due to pollution and there would also be more global warming.NegativeCheaper food and objects abroadWhen things are done illegally or in larger spaces, people abroad can buy these things more cheaply and not have to pay high prices. However for the government, they wouldn’t be able to control the situation and they are losing money because of those people.Negative and positiveSOLUTIONS:SolutionAdvantageDisadvantageJobs for local people outside of logging, mining by the Brazilian government(Economic)The Brazilian government can continue to get money from taxes but they need to make more jobs for people that don’t damage the forest.For example, being stewards and protectors of the Amazon rainforest to stop certain activities such as illegal logging.It would cost the Brazilian government money to make more jobs (for example- forest stewardship scheme)The FSC who labels wood so that it can show it comes from a safe environment where the wood was not illegally logged or cut down in large masses (FSC website)(Environmental)A certain label could be put on the Amazon beef which would tell everyone that this type of cow was treated well and did not contribute greatly to deforestation. This would raise demand for that beef and would encourage all cattle farms to get FSC’dThe Brazilian government may have to spend money on cattle ranching everything in the Amazon will increase price of beef so demand falls.Increased Taxes on foreign companies with logging, mining, ranching activities(Economic)This would mean more money for Brazil and then they wouldn’t have to keep allowing more and more companies inside.Pay may decrease for workers to allow this change in taxes and they would be unhappy with lower pay and cannot afford things and the country would remain poorIBAMA for national police to stop illegal logging(Social)Brazilian government because if there’s less illegal logging then that means more profit would go to the government. Also it would protect indigenous people whose land can be protected from illegal loggers who will just intrude purposefully.More money would be spent on the policing of the Amazon then the people of Brazil which would mean less funding for those things and some people may think there is no point to it.Increased action and campaigning of environmental groups e.g: Greenpeace (website)(Social and Environmental)They can raise awareness in the western world and allow for people and companies to see what is happening. This is good for indigenous people since others would be aware of their situation(boycott companies)Many companies may not take the advice because of not enough support from the public.Empowerment to the ind igenous people(Social)They can have control over their land and disallow people to intrude onto it and try to take it away from them. This means they can build on it and prosper with their land.They may decide to sell of their land and would then have to migrate to the cities. Also, this way the government has no control over them.Social: More ingenious people would start dying of and they may come in contact with western diseases. Also, if they are pushed out of their homes they would overpopulate the cities and make unemployment rise.Economic: The Brazilian government would benefit since they would be able to continue to cattle ranch and log on the ground and get money from the ground.The rainforest is deteriorating at a fast rate and if solutions are not produced for the welfare of the rainforest, it would disappear.Environmental: Animals would die since they would be displaced from their habitats and they would not be adapted to live elsewhere.Solutions should be sustainable and benefit the country and rainforest with a solution that not only offers short term but also long term relief that all stakeholders can benefit from.The best solution is to use the FSC label that can be put on not only wood, but also cattle so that it can be sold in the international market and would be trusted since then you know the trees weren’t cut illegally by loggers. This would mean that loggers would start to lose business and won’t be able to log for much longer. However, it could also backfire since the loggers may increase export from the Amazon and offer it at lower prices so that they could sell more.However, if IBAMA police were to monitor the rainforest, loggers are less likely to be able to get the wider areas and to cut illegally. Also, the efforts of campaigners of Greenpeace continued campaigning they could raise more awareness of the rainforest and indigenous people who occupy it and people would then demand the FCS cows or timber more. Also, if MNC ’s take on the FSC label then the Brazilian governments would be forced to control cattle ranching so that these companies can continue buying from them and FCS would be able to approve their cattle. However, this may mean more expensive food for people living abroad.The FSC label would be a good idea to protect the rainforests timber, but it can also be used for the cattle ranching. If demand could be changed outside Brazil for these products so that only timber which has the FSC label can be sold it would mean Brazil will then accustom to the demand and enforce this law.This would also put illegal loggers out of business as they wouldn’t be able to export their products and cannot sell so they would look for more legal solutions and businesses and may therefore decide to work together with the government which would benefit both sides and this would then increase prosperity and the Brazilian government would benefit from and use it wisely. If the same law was applied to cattle then people would demand cattle they know has been looked after well which would generate a peace around the Amazon as the wood is not absued and indigenous peoples homes are not destroyed and Brazil could continue to benefit from the Amazon without the cost of exploiting the forest.

HRM Policies of Microsoft Incorporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

HRM Policies of Microsoft Incorporation - Essay Example The present research has identified that the role of HRM is significant in this respect, where it synchronizes employees’ potential with company’s objective. The sales team looks from a perspective of sales generation alone however, the HR team looks through a broader window to cover customer intentions and corporate environment to synchronize the company’s strategy with the market needs. As said earlier that HRM is a very diverse and broad subject, therefore, the fields of supply chain management, promotion and marketing strategies, recruitment and employee satisfaction all fall in the domain of HRM. Therefore it can be said, that no matter what the size and nature of the company is, the unit of HRM cannot be separated from the management as it is integrated with all the functional units of the company. Moreover, factors of globalization and inflation crisis have intensified internal and external competition for a company. The internal competition is between emp loyees battling for higher costs and benefits. This has further augmented the role of HRM in the internal matters of the company, to ensure sound working environment and ethical practices. This illustrates that the bigger the company the more will be the need for proper HRM. Microsoft is the leading name in the IT world that changed the trend in computing through its tremendous technology of Windows Operating System. It has set many landmarks since its date of foundation in 1975, by Bill Gates (Chairman) and Paul Allen. The key aim of the company is to provide computing solutions that are accessible and handy for all. Their technology, following this mission, has been able to earn huge acceptance and has taken Microsoft to heights that no other company had ever touched.